Saturday, October 12, 2019
Constructing Indentity On The Internet :: essays research papers
Today, we are living in computer age. Computers can be seen everywhere from kitchen to the living room, from small house to giant company. Computer technology has improved our lives. It will continue to affect our future, which will lead to an easier, less complicated lifestyle, with more job opportunities and their benefits. Computers help people in many different ways and also connect people on all over the world together through out the Internet. à à à à à The internet is one of the most useful things in the world today. For instance, we can stay in home and shop through Internet, and even send things like birthday cards by the web of Hallmark. Moreover, we can talk, chat, or send instant messages to the other people so we can learn more about the culture of different races, religions, and nationalities on the world. By Internet we can get as much information as we want. However, not all of the information that we get from the web page or other people is real or credential because people can put incorrect things on it. Therefore, we will take the risk of getting the fake or false information. à à à à à The technology of Internet also help us understanding other cultures. By logging on the internet, or chatting with the others we learn more about the different cultures from one place to anther. However, there are some dishonest people in chat room. People on the net are not always honest people. In the internet Indian Wars by Glen Martin, a white software consultant running the Native American seminar and chat room offered by AOL, Rapp, said ââ¬Å"Basically, what we did was done in funâ⬠(127) after he was discovered that he was dishonest, he wasnââ¬â¢t a native American. Rapp was a host of Native American seminar, discussing about Native American culture while he was not a member of any Indian group. All he was saying were fraud. As Marc Towersap, one of the first Indians to query about Rappââ¬â¢s tribal credentials, said ââ¬Å"There is a difference between adopting online identities ad perpetrating fraudâ⬠(Martin, 125) and he also said ââ¬Å "Rapp was promoting herself as a genuine native elder, and AOL was making money on the chat room because a lot of people logged on to itâ⬠(Martin, 125). AOL, a biggest Internet service on the world, didnââ¬â¢t care about what Rapp talking and discussing was true or not.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Analysis on Materialism and Pink Flamingo Essay
ââ¬Å"Materialism coarsens and petrifies everything, making everything vulgar, and every truth false.â⬠These profound words spoken by Swiss philosopher Henri Amiel illustrate the wretched vulgarity and superficiality of the virus-like spread of materialism. In the essay entitled ââ¬Å"The Pink Flamingo: A Natural Historyâ⬠by Jennifer Price, Price examines the popularity of the well-known pink flamingo and how it relates to the ideals and whims of American culture. Using American fascination of the plastic, pink flamingo as her medium, Jennifer Price shows her evident disdain for the superficial materialism present in American society. Jennifer Price introduces her analysis of the flamingo fad by presenting the rise of the pink flamingo in American culture and how society reacted upon the popularization of this cultural icon. Price effectively illustrates the American publicââ¬â¢s reaction to the introduction of the plastic, pink flamingo by implementing specific diction that reinforces her own opinions of the ââ¬Å"flamingo boomâ⬠. Similar to a mindless flock of birds following each other without much thought as to why, Price writes that ââ¬Å"Since the 1930s, vacationing Americans had been flocking to Florida and returning home with flamingo souvenirs.â⬠Priceââ¬â¢s choice to describe Americans as ââ¬Å"flockingâ⬠is meant to establish a comparison to a flock of mindless birds; in effect, the author characterizes Americans as bandwagon followers who lack any consideration for the examination of their culture and the conceptual purpose behind their symbolic icons. The author also presents how Americans have rendered the plastic, pink flamingo as symbolic of wealth and luxury. Price states that ââ¬Å"In the 1910s and 1920s, Miami Beachââ¬â¢s first grand hotel, the Flamingo, had made the bird synonymous with wealth and pizzazz.â⬠In the context of the essay, terms like ââ¬Å"wealthâ⬠and ââ¬Å"pizzazzâ⬠possess a shallow, superficial connotation that consequently translates into the flamingo as not only being a symbol of wealth and pizzazz but also a symbol of superficiality and vulgar ostentation. Priceââ¬â¢s introductory paragraph is significant to the purpose of the essay because it illustrates the magnitude of the flamingo fascination and how Americans irrationally react to the flamingoââ¬â¢s popularity. In reiteration of Priceââ¬â¢s stance, heavy criticism in the essay of the plasticà flamingoââ¬â¢s intrinsic boldness simply because it represents an exotic creature depicts Priceââ¬â¢s severe disdain for the whims of American society. Price utilizes an ironic situation in conjunction with historical evidence when she attempts to establish a connection between real flamingos and plastic flamingos. Americans, Price points out, ââ¬Å"had hunted flamingos to extinction in Florida in the late 1800s, for plumes and meat. But no matter. In the 1950s, the new interstates would draw working-class tourists down, too.â⬠Price bluntly uses facts and historical research about American culture to express her disgust of the irony that the American nation has created for itself with regards to the plastic, pink flamingo. When Price writes ââ¬Å"But no matter,â⬠she reinforces the implication that it is as if American society regards the destruction of the flamingo as trivial b ecause capitalist society would benefit more from the production of plastic flamingos that could yield revenue. Thus, a nation that embraces the flamingo in all its beauty after having been so destructive of the natural population reveals the ironic carelessness and hypocrisy of American society. Furthermore, Price uses the image of the pink flamingo with its natural boldness to emphasize her point about the ignorance of Americans and their culture. The author states, ââ¬Å"The bird acquired an extra fillip of boldness, too, from the direction of Las Vegas withâ⬠¦Flamingo Hotel. Anyone who has seen Las Vegas knows that a flamingo stands out in a desert even more strikingly than on a lawn.â⬠The simple fact that a flamingo is a subtropical animal unfit to live in the desert gives Price the justification to illustrate how Americans took the flamingo fad to such extreme heights without giving one regard to the appropriateness of the flamingo in context. In doing so, Price once again conveys the total ignorance and lack of consideration that characterizes American society. The paragraph in which Price asserts her belief regarding the ironic situation American society has put itself in supports a belief that Americans have taken their obsession so far as to having destroyed a population of animals for the sake of wealth and luxury; thus, the pink flamingo, in the context of Priceââ¬â¢s essay, is merely a symbol of the vulgar materialism Americans possess because of their ignorance and inconsideration for the appropriateness of destroying flamingos and ââ¬Å"plasticizingâ⬠them. Jennifer Price provides further details regarding the plastic flamingoââ¬â¢s image which forces the reader to question if the plastic flamingo is even close to being a valid representation of its real-life counterpart. Priceââ¬â¢s use of imagery in her essay and the interpretation that follows shows that she believes the plastic flamingo is obviously not even fit to represent the true flamingo. Price lists the colors, ââ¬Å"tangerine, broiling magenta, livid pink, incarnadine, fuchsia demure, Congo ruby, methyl green,â⬠in order to establish images that overwhelm the readerââ¬â¢s mind with bold colors. The extremely bold colors of the plastic flamingo such as ââ¬Å"livid pinkâ⬠and ââ¬Å"broiling magentaâ⬠formulate the conclusion that the plastic flamingo could never be synonymous with the quiet, demure brilliancy of a real flamingo. Thus, once the reader has interpreted the color imagery and concluded that all of the colors are just ââ¬Å"too muchâ⬠, the reader can make the connection that society is also ââ¬Å"too muchâ⬠obsessed with putting on pretenses of wealth as opposed to focusing on issues that really matter such as the preservation of the real flamingo. Price also makes use of repetition in order to express the magnitude of the plastic flamingoââ¬â¢s color in society. Jennifer Price states, ââ¬Å"Washing machines, cars, and kitchen counters proliferated in passion pink, sunset pink, and Bermuda pink.â⬠By stating that the pink fad present in the plastic flamingo was also transferred into household appliances such as washing machines and kitchen counters, Price implies that the materialism and vulgarity of appearing wealthy spread into the home; the infiltration of materialism into the home meant that the desire for wealth and extravagance had also infiltrated the aspects of America n life. Priceââ¬â¢s criticism of the flamingoââ¬â¢s color fascination supports the essayââ¬â¢s idea that Americans are only satisfied by boldness and extravagance as evident in the pink coloration of household appliances because pink was the color of the symbolic pink flamingo of wealth; Americans, thus, have difficulty equating modesty and demureness with any sort of wealth. The simple belief is that extravagance and flamboyance are the way to go if one wants to appear wealthy. Americans who desire wealth are therefore subject to the whims of materialism and superficiality. The author concludes by delivering an argument that criticizes American views and ideals, or the lack of, as being disrespectful and insulting towards theà significance of the flamingo itself. Jennifer Price uses cultural evidence from other nations to present the importance of the flamingo. She states, ââ¬Å"Peopleâ⬠¦have always singled out the flamingo as special. Early Christians associated it with the red phoenix. In ancient Egypt, it symbolized the sun god Ra. In Mexico and the Caribbean, it remains a major motif in art, dance, and literature.â⬠The author uses these facts to justify that the reduction of the brilliant flamingo in American culture to a mere plastic souvenir attached to grass is a shameful comparison to other cultures that respect nature and revered the bird as a glorious symbol. Price then makes use of parallelism in order to strengthen her criticism of American culture. In the essay, Price states, ââ¬Å"No wonder that the subtropical species stood out so loudly when Americans in temperate New England reproduced it, brightened it, and sent it wading across an inland sea of grass.â⬠By using repeating sentence structures through parallelism, Price emphasizes that Americans have done so many things to the flamingo that the plastic version is so far removed from its original counterpart. Thus, Americans have lost sight of the intended genuine meaning behind embracing the flamingo in the first place. The significance of this section within the essay is important because it not only allows the author to go beyond criticism of the flamingo, but it also shows that, in the grand scheme of things, Price was more intent on exposing and criticizing the true validity of all American cultural values. Jennifer Price allegorized the fascination of the plastic flamingo in order to establish a sort of comparison between obsession with purchasing plastic flamingos that symbolize wealth and the materialism evident in American culture. Although the essay mostly depicts American society as insensitive and inconsiderate according to the authorââ¬â¢s tone, the satirical nature of the essay provides a subtle, underlying, hopeful connotation that perhaps one day American society will learn to go beyond their materialistic greed and ascend to a different type of wealth. Bibliography: Jennifer Priceââ¬â¢s essay ââ¬Å"The Plastic Pink Flamingo: A Natural Historyââ¬
Thursday, October 10, 2019
An Analysis of Religious Influences in the Poetry Essay
During an era in literature when propriety and sensitivities were valuable elements considered both by writer and audience, and spirituality was defined by a specific, almost stringent, set of rules, the arrival of young poet Algernon Charles Swinburne produced a reaction most were ill-prepared to give. For compared to his illustrious contemporaries, Swinburne subscribed to a style and ideology meant to negate all aspects of convention and expand, albeit unwillingly, tolerance for taboo concepts and words. Defiance and aggression, as well as liberty, sexuality, and immorality, were the main themes behind the astonishing lyricism and poetic prowess of Swinburne. This also echoed in the technical form of his work, with his unapologetic and irreverent use of his own brand of alliteration and rhythm. The poet was unabashedly pagan in his sensibilities, and fervently explored areas deemed unsuitable for exposition in polite Victorian society. Blasphemy was a typical description of Swinburneââ¬â¢s literary efforts, yet the uncompromising wit and satire present in them made for unavoidable reading, almost enjoyable in a morbid senseââ¬âwhich was literally one of the most prevalent tones in Swinburneââ¬â¢s works. Therefore, the attempt to find the influence of religion or spirituality in the poetry of such an iconoclast may seem futile; however, the fact that Swinburne consciously marked his territory along these sacrilegious lines may be tantamount to his actual recognition of the concepts he purposely tried to negate. There are no references or appeal to obedience and faith in his literatureââ¬âcommon virtues required of any religious discussionââ¬âbut his lifetime workââ¬â¢s concentration on the opposite end may have marked him as an excellent study of spiritual affirmation. II. The Life and Work of Algernon Charles Swinburne The controversial poet and critic was born in Grosvenor Place, London, on April 5, 1837, to Admiral John Swinburne, making him one of the small number of poets to boast of an aristocratic background. While a student at Eton and Oxford, Swinburne began establishing his literary philosophy through his studies of the poetry of Shelley, and alternately engrossed himself in standard ideologies of academic scholars, including political radicalism and atheism. His time at Oxford afforded him various introductions that would eventually figure prominently in his life and careerââ¬ânames such as Burne-Jones, Morris, and Rossetti. Often at the verge of being expelled from the storied institution, Swinburneââ¬â¢s penchant for atheism and capacity for biting sarcasm still received the attention sought, both from admirers and detractors. Consistent with his affinity for the concepts of physical pleasure and pain, morbidity, and excess, Swinburne lived a life of almost total addiction to alcohol that resulted in never-ending bouts of collapse and seizures. As his health deteriorated, his lawyer Theodore Watts-Dunton found it necessary to persuade Swinburne to make a complete lifestyle change, to which the poet agreed by taking up residence in Watts-Duntonââ¬â¢s estate. Perhaps due to his irreverent and unhealthy way of life, Swinburne finally succumbed to influenza in 1909.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act
In determining who the Act is for, the definition of ATSI people must be considered. As this Act does not provide a definition, a review of prior Australian legislative and common law definitions is therefore required. The definition of ATSI people has a long and contentious history in Australia. Even today, two very different definitions are concurrently in use. One, commonly found in Australian legislation, defines Aboriginals as a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia. The second definition, a three-part test proposed in the early 1980ââ¬â¢s by the Commonwealth Department of Aboriginal Affairs, identifies ATSI peoples as being ââ¬Ëof Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identify as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders and are accepted as such by the community in which they live. ââ¬â¢ The first definition becomes problematic as it fails to establish the sort of evidence required to satisfy it. Advances in the field of human genetics have concluded that there is no meaningful genetic or biological basis for the concept of ââ¬Ëraceââ¬â¢. The second definition presents its own problems, which arise when the Aboriginality of the community doing the accepting is thrown into question. Subsequent case law has further developed the definition of ATSI people, for example in Gibbs v Capewell (1995), Justice Drummond stated that ââ¬Ëthe less the degree of Aboriginal descent, the more important cultural circumstances become in determining whether a person is Aboriginalââ¬â¢. In Eatock v Bolt [2011], Bromberg J considered the extent to which each criteria in the three-part test needed to be deployed, stating that: ââ¬Å"For some legislative purposes and in the understanding of some people, compliance with one or two of the attributes of the three-part test may be regarded as sufficient. â⬠The currently favoured three-part definition may be considered an advancement over earlier colonial definitions of ATSI people, which comprised of derogatory terms such as ââ¬Å"nobel savageâ⬠or ââ¬Å"prehistoric beastâ⬠. The fact remains however within in Australia, only ATSI people are required to prove their identity. Furthermore, it is Australiaââ¬â¢s legislature, comprising of mainly non-ATSI representatives, who are tasked with defining ATSI people, rather than ATSI peoples themselves. Who will benefit The question as to who this Act will benefit requires an examination of what the Act aims to achieve prior to the conclusion of its two year ââ¬Ësunset provisionââ¬â¢, as well as the longer term aims to which the Act is directed. Parliament has acknowledged that the Act is only an interim step towards recognition of ATSI peoples in the Constitution, and that the Act is not intended to be a substitute for constitutional recognition itself. The Act provides for the recognition of ATSI people as Australiaââ¬â¢s first occupants, acknowledges their continuing relationship with their traditional land and waters, and acknowledges ATSI peopleââ¬â¢s culture, language and heritage. The Act does not create any material or economic benefits for ATSI people. Rather, it aims at building political support for Constitutional reform. As the Australian Founding Fathers paid no attention at all to the position of the Australian aboriginal race, the Act may be of some benefit to the emotional wellbeing of ATSI people as it formally acknowledges their cultural heritage. However, due to the section 5 of the Act, which causes these to cease two years after its commencement, any such benefit will be temporary. Furthermore, as Parliament must hold a successful referendum to effect any Constitutional change, there remains a possibility that Parliament could fail to generate enough support for the amendments it proposes. In that case the Act would have been little, if any, lasting benefit. As Parliament is yet to propose any amendments to the Constitution, it remains unclear who will benefit in the longer term. PART B: Provisions to Bind Future Parliaments The Act provides a process for progressing constitutional recognition of ATSI people into the future. Section 4 (1) of the Act provides that the relevant minister must conduct a review of support for a referendum to recognize ATSI people in the Constitution within 12 months of the commencement of the Act. As the Act commenced in February 2012, and a Federal election is due for the same year, it is likely that this provision will take effect after the election. The question of whether this provision is binding on future Parliaments requires an examination of whether the Parliament has the power do so, and if it does, under what circumstances. Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary sovereignty represents one of the twin pillars of British constitutional law, along with the rule of law, identified by the influential nineteenth century jurist, Alfred Venn Dicey (1835-1922). Dicey defined Parliamentary Sovereignty as essentially being ââ¬Å"the power of lawmaking unrestricted by any legal limitâ⬠which gives Parliament ââ¬Å"the right to make or unmake any law; whateverâ⬠. However, unlike the United Kingdom, the Australian Parliament is constrained by the Commonwealth Constitution and is therefore not absolutely sovereign In theory, there is a necessary limit to sovereignty. If Parliament were absolutely sovereign to pass any law whatsoever, it could pass laws limiting the power of its successors, and parliamentary sovereignty would be short-lived. In Australia, the general rule is that Parliament is not bound by a previous Parliament. This was supported by the majority in Kartinyeri, who concluded, as Brennan CJ and McHugh J put it, that ââ¬Å"the power to make laws includes the power to unmake themâ⬠. Each new Parliament is therefore free to create new laws afresh. The notion that Parliament is not bound by prior legislation is further supported by the doctrines of express repeal and implied repeal. The doctrine of express repeal works on the proposition that a later act of Parliament can be enacted which expressly and clearly repeals an earlier act in its totality. The doctrine of implied repeal states that certain sections of an earlier act maybe accidently or impliedly repealed where the provisions of an earlier act are inconsistent with a later act. The Act in question is not binding of successor Parliaments, and may therefore be amended or repealed as Parliament sees fit. Manner and Form Provisions Australian Parliaments have on occasions sought to affect the power of their successors by imposing special requirements for the passing of some laws. These requirements, known as ââ¬Ëmanner and formââ¬â¢ provisions, are restrictive procedures. They restrict the legislative powers of the Parliament by requiring that laws on certain topics may only be enacted by a special and more difficult procedure. Probably the most common manner and form provision is the referendum requirement whereby, before royal assent is given to the bill, it must be approved by a majority of the electorate. Such a provision reconstitutes Parliament by adding an additional chamber, the electorate. This would provide a difficult hurdle for any future Parliament as only 8 of 44 referendums have been successful in Australiaââ¬â¢s history. Although Parliament has not drafted this Act in a way which restricts its amendment or repeal, Parliament could do so by inserting manner and form provisions for this purpose. PART C: The Expert Panel Prior to drafting the Bill, the Federal Labor Government established an Expert Panel on constitutional recognition for ATSI people. Throughout 2011, the Panel engaged with thousands of Australians through submissions, consultations and meetings, to hear the views of a wide cross-section of the Australian community. In January 2012, the Panel published its report where it provided recommendations on the possible forms of constitutional recognition, along with constitutional amendments relating to racial non-discrimination. Constitutional background to this legislation The Australian ââ¬Ëfounding fathersââ¬â¢ paid no attention at all to the position of the ATSI peoples. The Constitution as originally framed in 1901 provided for the exclusion and the discriminatory treatment of the ââ¬Ëaboriginal raceââ¬â¢. There were only two references to ATSI people in the body of the original Australian Constitution: (a) Federal Parliament was denied power to make laws with respect to people of ââ¬Å"the aboriginal race in any Stateâ⬠; and (b) Section 127 provided: ââ¬Å"In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted. â⬠The 1967 referendum, which did away with the discriminatory references in s 127 and amended s 51 (xxvi) to allow Parliament to make laws for ATSI people, was intended to be in the best interests of the Aboriginal people. However, in the case of Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998), which was the legal climax of a long political controversy, the majority of justices said that ââ¬Ëforââ¬â¢ does not require the Parliament to legislate beneficially. The outcome meant that the Australian Parliament were empowered to enact laws that would not only benefit ATSI people, but also discriminate against them. And so, while the 1967 referendum made well-intentioned symbolic changes, the overall legal effect was that the discriminatory attitudes of the Constitutionââ¬â¢s founders were retained. One of the principles agreed to by the Panel for its assessment of proposals for constitutional was that a proposal must be of benefit to and accord with the wishes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It could therefore be argued that an Expert Panel, comprised not only of lawyers but prominent ATSI community members, carefully scrutinising the legal ramifications of any proposed constitutional amendments, will make it less likely that constitutional recognition would have unintended outcomes for ATSI people (as in Kartinyeri). Furthermore, Megan Davis, a member of the expert panel, stated that constitutional recognition ââ¬â whether amendment of a race power or a non-discrimination clause ââ¬â does not foreclose on the question of sovereignty. The above findings by the Panel, along with its widespread consultation with ASTI people, will undoubtedly play a significant role in addressing the concerns the Australia people may have in relation to the proposed referendum. [ 1 ]. Dr John Gardiner-Garden, Defining Aboriginality in Australia (3 February 2003) Social Policy Group . [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. See, eg, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth). [ 4 ]. Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Report on a Review of the Administration of the Working Definition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (1981), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, cited in J Gardiner-Garden, The Definition of Aboriginality: Research Note 18, 2000ââ¬â01 (2000) Parliament of Australia, 2. [ 5 ]. See above n 1. [ 6 ]. J Graves, The Emperorââ¬â¢s New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium (2001) Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. [ 7 ]. See above n 1. [ 8 ]. 54 FCR 503. [ 9 ]. FCA 1103 (28 September 2011). 10 ]. Michael Dodson ââ¬ËThe End in the Beginning: Re(de)finding Aboriginalityââ¬â¢ (Speech delivered at the Wentworth Lecture, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 1994). [ 11 ]. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act 2013 (Cth) s 5. [ 12 ]. Explanatory Memorandum, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Bill 2012 (Cth). [ 13 ]. Above n 11, s 3. [ 14 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ââ¬ËThe Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigineââ¬â¢ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. [ 15 ]. Australia Constitution s 128. [ 16 ]. Ibid. [ 17 ]. Above n 12. [ 18 ]. Sarah Joseph and Melissa Castan, Federal Constitutional Law: A Contemporary View (Thomson Reuters, 3rd ed, 2010) 3. [ 19 ]. A V Dicey, The Introduction to The Study of the Constitution (Macmillan and Co, first published 1885, 1889 ed). [ 20 ]. Ibid. [ 21 ]. Above n 21. [ 22 ]. A Reilly, G Appleby, L Grenfell and W Lacey, Australian Public Law (Oxford University Press, 2011). [ 23 ]. Ibid. [ 24 ]. 152 ALR at [13]. [ 25 ]. See, eg, Vauxhall Estates, Ltd. v. Liverpool Corporation [1932] 1 KB 733. See also Ellen Street Estates Ltd. v. Minister of Health [1934] 1 KB 590 at 597. [ 26 ]. Ibid. [ 27 ]. Above n 24. [ 28 ]. Tony Blackshield and George Williams, Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials (The Federation Press, 5th ed, 2010) 440. [ 29 ]. Ibid. [ 30 ]. Gerard Carney, ââ¬ËAn Overview of Manner and Form in Australiaââ¬â¢ (1989) 5 QUT Law Review 1. [ 31 ]. Ibid. [ 32 ]. Above n 32, 1340. [ 33 ]. Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Canberra, Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel (2012) . [ 34 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ââ¬ËThe Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigineââ¬â¢ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. 35 ]. Asmi Wood, ââ¬ËConstitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve? ââ¬â¢ (2012) 37 (3) Alternative Law Journal 156-160. [ 36 ]. Law Council of Australia, Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Discussion Paper (2011) 19. [ 37 ]. Australian Constitution s 51 (xxvi). [ 38 ]. Above n 18, 484. [ 39 ]. 195 CLR 337. [ 40 ]. Pet er Hanks Deborah Cass, Australian Constitution Law: Materials and Commentary (Butterworths, 6th ed, 1999). [ 41 ]. Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 110 (Gibbs CJ). [ 42 ]. Above n 35, 158. [ 43 ]. Above n 33.
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Effective Persuasion Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Effective Persuasion Skills - Essay Example However, in order to persuade him effectively, I had to listen to him elucidate the yearââ¬â¢s theme for the show and the manner that he wanted me to communicate the theme to the audience using the hairstyle. One important lesson that life has taught me pertains to the importance of listening in order to give a well thought-out response. Allow me to briefly explain my journey towards working with Mr. Clark. I used to be a performer in the show choir directed by Mr. Clark throughout high school. Typically, a show choir has forty performers who can sing and dance at the same time. Nonetheless, I attended Aveda Fredricââ¬â¢s school, a cosmetology school, after my high school graduation and learnt the skills important to a hairstylist. Upon completing the course, I obtained a license with the Ohio State Board of Cosmetology to practice cosmetology and, fair enough, I became the hair stylist for my high schools show choir under Mr. Clark. As the choirââ¬â¢s hairstylist, I have to design a new hairstyle each year r epresenting the yearââ¬â¢s theme using my creative skills. In this regard, Mr. Clark approached me with this yearââ¬â¢s theme. He explained the idea behind the yearââ¬â¢s show, the design and concept of the costumes, all-important aspects that should go with the hairstyles design. Moreover, Mr. Clark informed me that the group would be participating in the World Choir Games this July at Cincinnati. It is important to point out that each year has a new concept and theme for the show and it requires creativity (a skill I have perfected overtime) to incorporate the hairstyle to the showââ¬â¢s theme. In this regard, the theme to this yearââ¬â¢s show was ââ¬Å"Around the World in 80 Daysâ⬠and the hairstyle had to match the theme. Once he explained every detail of the future show, I knew that the time had come to assert my authority and use my creativity in designing the yearââ¬â¢s hairstyle. However, I knew this was a herculean task, although not an insurmountable one. I said to him, ââ¬Å"With all due respect, sir, there is need for us to be more creative and think beyond the horizon this year. We need to come up with different hairstyles representative of each countryââ¬â¢s cultures and ethnicity where the group will be performing.â⬠Knowing Mr. Clark as a conservative who likes maintaining things in a neat, clean, and uniform approach, I had to ask him to allow changes that will make the group more successful this year. In my previous two years of working in the group, I had noticed that designs have been uniform and easy all through for both groups. This formed my opinion to have a different hairstyle this year. You realized that I mentioned two groups; it is pertinent to point out that Mr. Clark is an accomplished director in charge of another group, known as Pure Elegance, an all-girls high school group well in their fourth year of performances. I had to convince Mr. Clark that we had to ha ve a different hairstyle for this yearââ¬â¢s shows. In this regard, I told him that we had two choices to consider. As for option number one, I explained to him that we would have to go with the conservative approach of the usual uniform hairstyle with no changes. However, this was not the ideal situation, since it would be challenging to the audience to understand the relationship between the theme and the hairstyle. The second and the ideal option to my mind, as I explained to him, was a suggestion of moving and thinking
Monday, October 7, 2019
The promotion of stroke and heart diseases Research Paper
The promotion of stroke and heart diseases - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Stroke and heart diseases are the third and the first reported diseases respectively that result in high death rate in both men and women in the United States of America. Additionally, they are considered to be the major widespread and high-cost diseases that most nations have to deal with. However, it is important for citizens to take the initiative in order to prevent these particular diseases. This is because these type of diseases can be easily prevented and thus reduce the death rates caused by the same. According to research, 33.6 % of a total number of deaths that occurred in the United States of America was as a result of either stroke or other forms of heart diseases. Statistics further indicate that 150,000 deaths that occurred in 2007 in American were individuals below the age of 65. Moreover, the aforementioned diseases not only cause death but also disability with more than 4 million cases in the United States has been cau sed by the same. Moreover, it can be pointed out that high death rates caused by both stroke and heart diseases are not the only problem these diseases. In 2010, the cost of treating these diseases was approximated to be $444 in the United States of America. Furthermore, the cost of treatment for these two diseases is approximately $1 for every $ 6 spent in treating other forms of illness in the United States of America. Therefore, treatment of both stroke and heart diseases impacts negatively on the funds and other resources of the countryââ¬â¢s healthcare scheme.
Sunday, October 6, 2019
At the Benihana Restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
At the Benihana Restaurant - Essay Example We got so curious that we set out on a task to see the different types of kinemes. The analysis we did was in a restaurant called Benihana restaurant. Being a social space we had an excellent chance of making appropriate observations on the various forms, emblems, illustrators, regulators, adaptors, and affect displays of kinesics. Emblems defined as a substitute for words and phrases. Illustrators are gestures that accompany verbal communication. Affect displays defined as gestures that show emotion. Regulators are gestures that control the pace of the conversation. Adopters are the gestures that reduce the tension between two people conversing. On entering the Benihana restaurant, the waiter ushered us in and we noticed that he had put on a broad smile when he was greeting us, and when directing us to the table the waiter used his hand to show as the location of the table reserved for us. We saw nods directed at us by some friends that were present in the restaurant, and this we as sumed was a form of greeting. As we had made an observation of illustrators, the waiter pointing into the direction of the table, the smile he directed to us on the entrance of the restaurant was an affect display and the nods directed to us by our colleaguesââ¬â¢ we took them for emblems. ... The welcoming, smile by the waitress is an affect display, and the nod is an emblem. The restaurant was playing jazz music in the background; I could tell that a lot of people in this place loved this genre of music since most people were swaying their head to the flow of the music. A look at the people carrying on with their conversation we could see a lady who from time to time, kept rolling a strand of hair that kept falling on her face, this we assumed was her way of making herself comfortable. Looking around for other gestures, we came up with people tapping on the table, others continuously rubbed their hands together, while others took in deep breaths from time to time. These expressions are what we call adaptors. The affect displays we observed in the room made us know that most of the meetings in that room were romantic dates. We could tell this from the smiles exchanged for couples they were not just ordinary smiles but affectionate smiles. We also observed a couple holding hands from time to time, exchange of different kisses, peck on the cheeks, forehead and the back of the hands all served as affection displays. We also; had a look at the regulators which included people shaking hands before they departed while others exchanged kisses and departed. Some people glanced at their watches signalling the end of the meeting. Among the emblems that we observed in the restaurant included, nods that most of the time we interpreted as ok, a swaying of the head from side to side in a continuous motion meant a no, a lift of the shoulders with the hand spread meant a maybe, waving of hands continuously to say bye. In addition, the thumbs up sign to show agreement could be spotted. We came to a
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